weed

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds. 
Soil- physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soil formation. Soils of India. 
Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaining soil productivity.
Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elements in soils and plants. 
Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertilizer recommendations, integrated nutrient management. 
Biofertilizers. 
Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. 
Efficient phosphorus and potassium use. 
Problem soils and their reclamation. 
Soil factors affecting greenhouse gas emission

Soil Science

Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. 

1. salt affected soil
2. saline
3. alkaline
4. acidic
5. C:N ratio 

Soil erosion and its management. 
Dry land agriculture and its problems. 
Technology for stabilizing agriculture production in rain fed areas. 
Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing runoff losses of irrigation water. 
Rainwater harvesting. 
Drip and sprinkler irrigation. 
Drainage of waterlogged soils, quality of irrigation water, effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. 
Irrigation projects in India.

Sources

1. Agriinfo 
2. e-Krishi Shiksha 
3. Shomu's biology youtube channel
4. 
   

Notes

1. TNAU
2. ANGRAU
3. Others
4. University
5. 
   

Toppers views

1. Pallavi Sarkar 
2. Yatish V Deshmukh
3. Amit Shinde
4. 
   

Question Papers

UPSC- Civils
UPSC- IFoS
UPPSC
JnK PSC
Manipur PSC
Karnataka PSC

Coaching Institutes
Shanker
Evolution

Chapter - 9

• Relation of food production to National Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. 
• Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger. 
• Nutrient deficiency Micro nutrient deficiency: 
• Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. 
• Food grain productivity and food security.

Chapter-8

Food production and consumption trends in India. 
Food security and growing population vision 2020. 
Reasons for grain surplus. 
National and international food policies. 
Production, procurement, distribution constraints. 
Availability of food grains, per capita expenditure on food. 
Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation in context to globalization. 
Processing constraints.

Chapter- 7 Pathology

• Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their economic importance. 

• Classification of pests and their management.
• Classification of diseases  and their management.

1. Banana diseases 
2. Tea- blister blight

• Integrated pest and disease management. 
• Storage pests and their management. 
• Biological control of pests and diseases. 
• Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. 
• Plant quarantine measures. 
• Pesticides, their formulation
• Pesticides modes of action.

1. nuerotoxin
2. insect growth regulator (juvenile harmone)
3. behaviour modifier (pheromone)

Chapter- 6 Horticulture

• Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. 
• Package practices of major horticultural crops. 
• Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. 
• Post harvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. 
• Landscaping and commercial floriculture. 
• Medicinal and aromatic plants.
• Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.

Chapter-5 Plant Physiology

• Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and metabolism of nutrients. 
• Soil - water- plant relationship.

•  Enzymes and plant pigments; 
• photosynthesis- modern concepts and factors affecting the process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; 
• C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. 
• Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. 
• Growth and development; 
• photoperiodism and vernalilzation. 
• Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. 
• Physiology of seed development and germination; 
• dormancy. 
• Stress physiology draught, salt and water stress.